How To Contribute¶

First off, thank you for considering contributing to service_identity! It’s people like you who make it such a great tool for everyone.

This document intends to make contribution more accessible by codifying tribal knowledge and expectations. Don’t be afraid to open half-finished PRs, and ask questions if something is unclear!

Workflow¶

No contribution is too small! Please submit as many fixes for typos and grammar bloopers as you can!
Try to limit each pull request to one change only.
Since we squash on merge, it’s up to you how you handle updates to the master branch. Whether you prefer to rebase on master or merge master into your branch, do whatever is more comfortable for you.
Always add tests and docs for your code. This is a hard rule; patches with missing tests or documentation can’t be merged.
Make sure your changes pass our CI. You won’t get any feedback until it’s green unless you ask for it.
Once you’ve addressed review feedback, make sure to bump the pull request with a short note, so we know you’re done.
Don’t break backward compatibility.

Code¶

Obey PEP 8 and PEP 257. We use the """-on-separate-lines style for docstrings:

def func(x):
    """
    Do something.

    :param str x: A very important parameter.

    :rtype: str
    """

If you add or change public APIs, tag the docstring using .. versionadded:: 16.0.0 WHAT or .. versionchanged:: 16.2.0 WHAT.
We use isort to sort our imports, and we follow the Black code style with a line length of 79 characters. As long as you run our full tox suite before committing, or install our pre-commit hooks (ideally you’ll do both – see below “Local Development Environment”), you won’t have to spend any time on formatting your code at all. If you don’t, CI will catch it for you – but that seems like a waste of your time!

Tests¶

Write your asserts as expected == actual to line them up nicely:

x = f()

assert 42 == x.some_attribute
assert "foo" == x._a_private_attribute

To run the test suite, all you need is a recent tox. It will ensure the test suite runs with all dependencies against all Python versions just as it will on Travis CI. If you lack some Python versions, you can can make it a non-failure using tox --skip-missing-interpreters (in that case you may want to look into pyenv that makes it very easy to install many different Python versions in parallel).
Write good test docstrings.

Documentation¶

Use semantic newlines in reStructuredText files (files ending in .rst):
```
This is a sentence.
This is another sentence.
```

If you start a new section, add two blank lines before and one blank line after the header except if two headers follow immediately after each other:

Last line of previous section.


Header of New Top Section
-------------------------

Header of New Section
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

First line of new section.

If your change is noteworthy, add an entry to the changelog. Use semantic newlines, and add a link to your pull request:

- Added ``service_identity.func()`` that does foo.
  It's pretty cool.
  [`#1 <https://github.com/pyca/service_identity/pull/1>`_]
- ``service_identity.func()`` now doesn't crash the Large Hadron Collider anymore.
  That was a nasty bug!
  [`#2 <https://github.com/pyca/service_identity/pull/2>`_]

Local Development Environment¶

You can (and should) run our test suite using tox. However you’ll probably want a more traditional environment too. We highly recommend to develop using the latest Python 3 release.

First create a virtual environment. It’s out of scope for this document to list all the ways to manage virtual environments in Python but if you don’t have already a pet way, take some time to look at tools like pew, virtualfish, and virtualenvwrapper.

Next, get an up to date checkout of the service_identity repository:

$ git checkout git@github.com:pyca/service_identity.git

Change into the newly created directory and after activating your virtual environment install an editable version of service_identity along with its tests and docs requirements:

$ cd service_identity
$ pip install -e .[dev]

At this point

$ python -m pytest

should work and pass, as should:

$ cd docs
$ make html

The built documentation can then be found in docs/_build/html/.

To avoid committing code that violates our style guide, we strongly advise you to install pre-commit [1] hooks:

$ pre-commit install

You can also run them anytime (as our tox does) using:

$ pre-commit run --all-files

[1]	pre-commit should have been installed into your virtualenv automatically when you ran `pip install -e '.[dev]'` above. If pre-commit is missing, it may be that you need to re-run `pip install -e '.[dev]'`.

Please note that this project is released with a Contributor Code of Conduct. By participating in this project you agree to abide by its terms. Please report any harm to Hynek Schlawack in any way you find appropriate. We can usually be found in the #cryptography-dev channel on freenode.

Thank you for considering to contribute to service_identity!

Contributor Covenant Code of Conduct¶

Our Pledge¶

In the interest of fostering an open and welcoming environment, we as contributors and maintainers pledge to make participation in our project and our community a harassment-free experience for everyone, regardless of age, body size, disability, ethnicity, gender identity and expression, level of experience, nationality, personal appearance, race, religion, or sexual identity and orientation.

Our Standards¶

Examples of behavior that contributes to creating a positive environment include:

Using welcoming and inclusive language
Being respectful of differing viewpoints and experiences
Gracefully accepting constructive criticism
Focusing on what is best for the community
Showing empathy towards other community members

Examples of unacceptable behavior by participants include:

The use of sexualized language or imagery and unwelcome sexual attention or advances
Trolling, insulting/derogatory comments, and personal or political attacks
Public or private harassment
Publishing others’ private information, such as a physical or electronic address, without explicit permission
Other conduct which could reasonably be considered inappropriate in a professional setting

Our Responsibilities¶

Project maintainers are responsible for clarifying the standards of acceptable behavior and are expected to take appropriate and fair corrective action in response to any instances of unacceptable behavior.

Project maintainers have the right and responsibility to remove, edit, or reject comments, commits, code, wiki edits, issues, and other contributions that are not aligned to this Code of Conduct, or to ban temporarily or permanently any contributor for other behaviors that they deem inappropriate, threatening, offensive, or harmful.

Scope¶

This Code of Conduct applies both within project spaces and in public spaces when an individual is representing the project or its community. Examples of representing a project or community include using an official project e-mail address, posting via an official social media account, or acting as an appointed representative at an online or offline event. Representation of a project may be further defined and clarified by project maintainers.

Enforcement¶

Instances of abusive, harassing, or otherwise unacceptable behavior may be reported by contacting the project team at hs@ox.cx. All complaints will be reviewed and investigated and will result in a response that is deemed necessary and appropriate to the circumstances. The project team is obligated to maintain confidentiality with regard to the reporter of an incident. Further details of specific enforcement policies may be posted separately.

Project maintainers who do not follow or enforce the Code of Conduct in good faith may face temporary or permanent repercussions as determined by other members of the project’s leadership.

Attribution¶

This Code of Conduct is adapted from the Contributor Covenant, version 1.4, available at <https://www.contributor-covenant.org/version/1/4/code-of-conduct.html>.